Schmidt's Schema Theory

Schmidt's theory (1975) was based on the view that actions are not stored rather we refer to abstract relationships or rules about movement. Schmidt's schema is based on the theory that that every time a movement is conducted four pieces of information are gathered:
- the initial conditions - starting point
- certain aspects of the motor action - how fast, how high
- the results of the action - success or failure
- the sensory consequences of the action - how it felt

Relationships between these items of information are used to construct a recall schema and a recognition schema. The Recall schema is based on initial conditions and the results and is used to generate a motor program to address a new goal. The recognition schema is based on sensory actions and the outcome.

what is “Core Stability”?

The aim of core stability training is to effectively recruit the trunk musculature and then learn to control the position of the lumbar spine during dynamic movements.

The Muscles

The deep trunk muscles, Transversus Abdominis (TA), multifidus (MF), Internal Oblique (IO), paraspinal, pelvic floor, are key to the active support of the lumbar spine. The co-contraction of these muscles produce forces via the "theracolumbar fascia" (TLF) and the "intra-abdominal pressure" (IAP) mechanism which stabilise the lumbar spine, and the paraspinal and MF muscles act directly to resist the forces acting on the lumbar spine.

It is not just the recruitment of these deep-trunk muscles, but how they are recruited that is important. Research [Hodges and Richardson, 1997] showed that the co-contraction of the TA and MF muscles occurred prior to any movement of the limbs. This suggests that these muscles anticipate dynamic forces that may act on the lumbar spine and stabilise the area prior to any movement. Hodges and Richardson showed that the timing of co-ordination of these muscles was very significant.

The Learning Phases - Fitts & Posner

Fitts and Posner (1967) suggested that the learning process is sequential and that we move through specific phases as we learn. There are three stages to learning a new skill:
- Cognitive phase - Identification and development of the component parts of the skill - involves formation of a mental picture of the skill
- Associative phase - Linking the component parts into a smooth action - involves practicing the skill and using feedback to perfect the skill
- Autonomous phase - Developing the learned skill so that it becomes automatic - involves little or no conscious thought or attention whilst performing the skill - not all performers reach this stage

The leaning of physical skills requires the relevant movements to be assembled, component by component, using feedback to shape and polish them into a smooth action. Rehearsal of the skill must be done regularly and correctly.

Adam's Closed Loop Theory

Adam's theory (1971) has two elements:
- Perceptual trace - a reference model acquired through practice
- Memory trace - responsible for initiating the movement

The key feature of this theory is the role of feedback.
- Analyse the reference model actions, the result of those actions and the desired goals.
- Refine the reference model to produce the required actions to achieve the desired goals.

Physiotherapy and Yoga

Physiotherapy Treatment is based upon the latest physiotherapy principles with an understanding that everyone is unique and therefore treatment must be tailored to suit each individual.
Yoga Physio: Physiotherapy involves gaining a full understanding of your condition by taking a full case history and carrying out an assessment to establish what the cause of the problem is.

Many poses in Yoga can be used as treatment to certain case such as: Backache, Premenstrual Tension, Constipation and etc.

As a physiotherapist, i agree that we should combine treatment so we can help our patients.  Case such as Arthritis can be very tricky because it depend on patient age and other factors. After physiotherapy treatment we could give a gentle yoga exercise. Yoga’s gentle exercises designed to provide relief to needed joints had been found to be very effective in relieving arthritis.

"Exercise is very important to try to reestablish a complete range of motion. Of course, that doesn't mean you should induce a long continual strain. We encourage a moderate amount of non-strenuous, non-weight-bearing exercises tailored to the individual's needs. Some yoga postures are not tolerated well, particularly by those past 50."

 http://www.abc-of-yoga.com/yoga-and-health/yoga-for-arthritis.asp

What is physiotherapy???

Physical therapy or physiotherapy, often abbreviated PT, Physical therapists provide services to individuals and populations to develop, maintain and restore maximum movement and functional ability throughout the lifespan. This includes providing services in circumstances where movement and function are threatened by aging, injury, disease or environmental factors. Functional movement is central to what it means to be healthy.

Physical therapy is concerned with identifying and maximising quality of life and movement potential within the spheres of promotion, prevention, treatment/intervention, habilitation and rehabilitation. This encompasses physical, psychological, emotional, and social well being. Physical therapy involves the interaction between physical therapist, patients/clients, other health professionals, families, care givers, and communities in a process where movement potential is assessed and goals are agreed upon, using knowledge and skills unique to physical therapists. [1] Physical therapy is performed by a physical therapist (PT) or physiotherapist (physio), and sometimes services are provided by an assistant (PTA) acting under their direction.[2]

It involves the interaction between a physical therapist (PT) or physiotherapist (physio), patients/clients, other health professionals, families, care givers, and communities in a process where movement potential is assessed and goals are agreed upon, using knowledge and skills unique to physical therapists.[1]

PTs use an individual's history and physical examination to arrive at a diagnosis and establish a management plan and, when necessary, incorporate the results of laboratory and imaging studies. Electrodiagnostic testing (e.g., electromyograms and nerve conduction velocity testing) may also be of assistance.[3] PT management commonly includes prescription of or assistance with specific exercises, manual therapy, education and other interventions.

Physical therapy has many specialties including cardiopulmonary, geriatrics, neurologic, orthopaedic and pediatrics, to name some of the more common areas. PTs practice in many settings, such as outpatient clinics or offices, inpatient rehabilitation facilities, skilled nursing facilities, extended care facilities, private homes, education and research centers, schools, hospices, industrial workplaces or other occupational environments, fitness centers and sports training facilities.[4]

Physical therapists also practice in non-patient care roles such as health policy,[5][6][7][8] health insurance, health care administration and as health care executives.[9][10] Physical therapists are involved in the medical-legal field serving as experts, performing peer review and independent medical examinations.[11]

Education qualifications vary greatly by country. The span of education ranges from some countries having little formal education to others requiring masters or doctoral degrees.

the pictures below describe what PT do to therapy the patients: (the photos here are not mine) 

welcome to my blog

this blog will give anything you want to know about physiotherapy. if you need articles or questions, just feel free to ask me.
i might still have weakness, so if you want to share your knowledge, then you’re very welcome. i think nobody is perfect. and knowledge should be shared.
i hope my blog will broaden your knowledge about the world of physiotherapy.