Fitts and Posner (1967) suggested that the learning process is sequential and that we move through specific phases as we learn. There are three stages to learning a new skill:
- Cognitive phase - Identification and development of the component parts of the skill - involves formation of a mental picture of the skill
- Associative phase - Linking the component parts into a smooth action - involves practicing the skill and using feedback to perfect the skill
- Autonomous phase - Developing the learned skill so that it becomes automatic - involves little or no conscious thought or attention whilst performing the skill - not all performers reach this stage
The leaning of physical skills requires the relevant movements to be assembled, component by component, using feedback to shape and polish them into a smooth action. Rehearsal of the skill must be done regularly and correctly.
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